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2013年6月5日 星期三

26 Benefits of Drinking Green Tea

相片:26 Benefits of Drinking Green Tea
Green tea is a kind of tea that made from leaves of Camellia sinensis, which had undergone minimal oxidation during the manufacturing process. Green tea is believed to be originated from China and has been consumed throughout the ages in India, Japan and Thailand. In traditional Chinese and Indian medicine, practitioners used green tea as a diuretic to flush excess liquid from the body, heal wounds, and improve cardiovascular health.
Nowadays, green tea is not only popular in Eastern countries but also the West. Habit of drinking green tea has been shown to positively affect the body in many ways and inhibit the progression of some diseases.
The base for all of the green tea health benefits is in fact that they are extremely rich in catechin polyphenols, particularly Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). EGCG is a type of catechin that acts as antioxidants to protect the body’s cells from free radical damage. Researchers believe that free radicals contribute to the aging process as well as the development of a number of health problems, including cancer and heart disease. Antioxidants such as polyphenols in green tea can fight the free radicals and helps support overall health and immune system. Here are 26 health benefits of drinking green tea:
1. Prevent and control high blood pressure
2. Helps control blood sugar level
3. Lower cholesterol
4. Reduce the risk of heart disease
5. Lowers the risk of stroke
6. Protect the body against viruses (such as influenza virus)
7. Prevent nerve damage
8. Improve cognitive function
9. Beneficial for gum health
10. Prevent stiff arteries
11. Reduce stress
12. Eliminate fatigue and exhaustion
13. Prevent cancer risk
14. Control tumor growth
15. Helps cure cancer
16. Helps cut calories and reduce weight
17. Reduce joint inflammation and rheumatic
18. Helps prevent laryngitis
19. Prevent osteoporosis
20. Prevent allergies
21. Protect liver
22. Prevent hepatitis C
23. Helps prevent HIV/ AIDS
24. Reduce the harmful effects of smoking
25. Helps prevent type 2 diabetes
26. Prevent food poisoning

Green tea is a kind of tea that made from leaves of Camellia sinensis, which had undergone minimal oxidation during the manufacturing process. Green tea is believed to be originated from China and has been consumed throughout the ages in India, Japan and Thailand. In traditional Chinese and Indian medicine, practitioners used green tea as a diuretic to flush excess liquid from the body, heal wounds, and improve cardiovascular health.
Nowadays, green tea is not only popular in Eastern countries but also the West. Habit of drinking green tea has been shown to positively affect the body in many ways and inhibit the progression of some diseases.
The base for all of the green tea health benefits is in fact that they are extremely rich in catechin polyphenols, particularly Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). EGCG is a type of catechin that acts as antioxidants to protect the body’s cells from free radical damage. Researchers believe that free radicals contribute to the aging process as well as the development of a number of health problems, including cancer and heart disease. Antioxidants such as polyphenols in green tea can fight the free radicals and helps support overall health and immune system. Here are 26 health benefits of drinking green tea:
1. Prevent and control high blood pressure
2. Helps control blood sugar level
3. Lower cholesterol
4. Reduce the risk of heart disease
5. Lowers the risk of stroke
6. Protect the body against viruses (such as influenza virus)
7. Prevent nerve damage
8. Improve cognitive function
9. Beneficial for gum health
10. Prevent stiff arteries
11. Reduce stress
12. Eliminate fatigue and exhaustion
13. Prevent cancer risk
14. Control tumor growth
15. Helps cure cancer
16. Helps cut calories and reduce weight
17. Reduce joint inflammation and rheumatic
18. Helps prevent laryngitis
19. Prevent osteoporosis
20. Prevent allergies
21. Protect liver
22. Prevent hepatitis C
23. Helps prevent HIV/ AIDS
24. Reduce the harmful effects of smoking
25. Helps prevent type 2 diabetes
26. Prevent food poisoning

2013年6月4日 星期二

鳳梨的益處

相片:鳳梨:
減肥
是不是也覺得新鮮,鳳梨也可以減肥?千真萬確。鳳梨幾乎含有所有的的人體所需的維生素,16種天然礦物質,並能有效幫助消化吸收。鳳梨減肥的秘密在於它豐富的果汁,能有效地酸解脂肪,可以每天有效地在食物中搭配食用鳳梨或飲用鳳梨汁,但是切忌過量或食用未經處理的生鳳梨,第一容易降低味覺,刺激口腔粘膜;第二,容易導致生產鳳梨蛋白酶,對這種蛋白酶過敏的人,會出現皮膚發癢等症狀。

清理腸胃
常常因為食用肉的含量多少而煩惱嗎,鳳梨可以幫助你解決消化吸收的顧慮。鳳梨蛋白酶能有效分解食物中蛋白質,增加腸胃蠕動。

美容
豐富的維生素B能有效地滋養肌膚,防止皮膚乾裂,滋潤頭髮的光亮,同時也可以可以消除身體的緊張感和增強肌體的免疫力;其果肉可以作為面膜,是最香甜的護理用品;常常引用其新鮮的果汁能消除老人斑並降低老人斑的產生率。酶素可以降低血壓,稀釋血脂,食用鳳梨,可以預防脂肪沉積。

消除感冒
發燒、咳嗽、嗓子疼都是感冒最明顯的症狀,除了趟在床上安靜地休息,不妨飲用一杯新鮮的鳳梨汁,它有降溫的作用,並能有效地降低支氣管。經醫學研究,自古以來,人類就常常憑藉鳳梨中含有的鳳梨蛋白酶來疏緩嗓子疼和咳嗽的症狀。
轉載:http://big5.ifeng.com/gate/big5/health.ifeng.com/鳳梨:
減肥
是不是也覺得新鮮,鳳梨也可以減肥?千真萬確。鳳梨幾乎含有所有的的人體所需的維生素,16種天然礦物質,並能有效幫助消化吸收。鳳梨減肥的秘密在於它豐富的果汁,能有效地酸解脂肪,可以每天有效地在食物中搭配食用鳳梨或飲用鳳梨汁,但是切忌過量或食用未經處理的生鳳梨,第一容易降低味覺,刺激口腔粘膜;第二,容易導致生產鳳梨蛋白酶,對這種蛋白酶過敏的人,會出現皮膚發癢等症狀。



清理腸胃
常常因為食用肉的含量多少而煩惱嗎,鳳梨可以幫助你解決消化吸收的顧慮。鳳梨蛋白酶能有效分解食物中蛋白質,增加腸胃蠕動。

美容
豐富的維生素B能有效地滋養肌膚,防止皮膚乾裂,滋潤頭髮的光亮,同時也可以可以消除身體的緊張感和增強肌體的免疫力;其果肉可以作為面膜,是最香甜的護理用品;常常引用其新鮮的果汁能消除老人斑並降低老人斑的產生率。酶素可以降低血壓,稀釋血脂,食用鳳梨,可以預防脂肪沉積。

消除感冒
發燒、咳嗽、嗓子疼都是感冒最明顯的症狀,除了趟在床上安靜地休息,不妨飲用一杯新鮮的鳳梨汁,它有降溫的作用,並能有效地降低支氣管。經醫學研究,自古以來,人類就常常憑藉鳳梨中含有的鳳梨蛋白酶來疏緩嗓子疼和咳嗽的症狀。
轉載:http://big5.ifeng.com/gate/big5/health.ifeng.com/

2013年4月9日 星期二

The Health Benefits Of Orange Pith Uncovered



柑橘類水果如橘子早已被稱為高黃酮含量的飲食。黃酮類化合物是強有力的抗氧化劑,可以保護我們的身體免受多種疾病,包括癌症心臟疾病雖然柑橘類水果本身有黃酮含量,但濃度最高的類黃酮被發現的橙色水果和果皮之間(白色部分)其中含量最多的類黃酮物質在柚皮素,在所有的柑橘類水果和番茄研究發現,在柑橘類水果的柚皮素可以抑制腫瘤的生長,可以修復受損的DNA。此外在老鼠身上進行的一項研究發現,柚皮素還可以幫助燃燒多餘的脂肪,通過刺激肝臟代謝。此外,柚皮素也增加高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(好)膽固醇和降低LDL(壞)膽固醇。

2013年4月2日 星期二

The Amazing Health Benefits of Drinking Lemon Water



The Amazing Health Benefits
of Drinking Lemon Water

by Ann Heustad, R.N.
After visiting some friends recently who drank copious amounts of water spiked with fresh organic limes and lemons from trees in their yard and freely offered this delicious concoction to all their guests, the following article reminded me of the value of our mutual dedication to planetary health and wellness through simple healthful remedies.
There are basic lifestyle habits that are important to incorporate into your daily life, and this is certainly one of them. However, we are talking about organic lemons that are tree ripened. If you are buying commercial lemons from the store, learn kinesiology and muscle test the lemons you buy so that you know one way or another whether the lemons you are purchasing are actually therapeutic for you.
“When life gives you a lemon... squeeze it, mix it with six ounces of distilled water and drink twice daily.”
The value of eating lemons is reported by Jethro Kloss in his book Back to Eden:
“The medicinal value of the lemon is as follows: It is an antiseptic, or is an agent that prevents sepsis [the presence of pathogenic bacteria] or putrefaction [decomposition of tissue]. It is also anti-scorbutic, a term meaning a remedy which will prevent disease and assist in cleansing the system of impurities.”
Due to the digestive qualities of lemon juice, symptoms of indigestion such as heartburn, bloating and belching are relieved. By drinking lemon juice regularly, the bowels are aided in eliminating waste more efficiently thus controlling constipation and diarrhea.
On page 659 of Back to Eden, Mr. Kloss points out that, “The lemon is a wonderful stimulant to the liver and is a dissolvent of uric acid and other poisons, liquefies the bile, and is very good in cases of malaria. Sufferers of chronic rheumatism and gout will benefit by taking lemon juice, also those who have a tendency to bleed, uterine hemorrhages, etc.; rickets and tuberculosis. In pregnancy, it will help to build bone in the child. We find that the lemon contains certain elements which will go to build up a healthy system and keep that system healthy and well. As a food, we find, owing to its potassium content, it will nourish the brain and nerve cells. Its calcium builds up the bony structure and makes healthy teeth.
“Its magnesium, in conjunction with calcium, has an important part to play in the formation of albumen in the blood. The lemon contains potassium 48.3, calcium 29.9, phosphorus 11.1, magnesium 4.4. Lemons are useful in treating asthma, biliousness, colds, coughs, sore throat, diphtheria, la grippe [flu or influenza], heartburn, liver complaint[s], scurvy, fevers and rheumatism.”
Since many people today suffer from what they used to call biliousness, it is important to edify our readers to the definition.
Biliousness -- 1. A symptom of a disorder of the liver causing constipation, headache, loss of appetite and vomiting of bile. 2. excess of bile; a bilious fever.
Why the lemon works so well
On page 19 of A.F. Beddoe's book “Biological Ionization in Human Nutrition,” he states that: “Man does not live off the food he eats but off of the energy that is produced from the food he eats.”
The energy you get from your food comes from the atoms and molecules of energy in your food. A reaction takes place as cationic food enters the digestive tract and encounters anionic digestive enzymes.
To explain further, an ion is part of a molecule con-atom or a group of atoms that carry an electrical charge. Ions which carry positive charges are “cations.” Lemons are considered to be anionic, having more electrons (negatively charged ions) of energy as compared to cations (positively charged ions) in their atomic structure. Saliva, hydrochloric acid, bile and the stomach's other digestive juices are also anionic.
Lemon is one of the only foods on the planet that has more anions than cations in its atomic structure.
When considering the electromagnetic properties of food Dr. Beddoe points out that all foods are considered cationic with the exception of fresh, raw lemon juice. Some have suggested that the reason fresh lemon juice is similar to digestive enzymes is due to the low amount of sulfur in lemons. It should be noted that pasteurized and packaged lemon juice is cationic and, therefore, ineffective as a health remedy.
Who Can Benefit From Lemon Water
Dr. Beddoe continues on page 194: “Lemon water is used in every person that can tolerate it. That is, if there is no allergy to lemon (a very few have a true allergy to lemon) and no active ulcers, then all adults and most children should use the lemon water. The purpose of the lemon is to:
  1. provide a natural strengthening agent to the liver enzymes when they are too dilute.
  2. The liver can make more enzymes out of fresh lemon juice than any other food element.
  3. The lemon helps fix oxygen and calciums in the liver because it regulates blood carbohydrate levels which affect the blood oxygen levels.”
In the above book, Dr. Beddoe also cites an article by Dr. Michael Lesser on the medical promise of citric acid in “Anabolism, Journal of Preventive Medicine.” He uses this article to validate the value of using fresh lemon juice daily: “It appears that citric acid, the major carrier of biochemicals in the body's energy system, shows important promise, primarily because of its excellent properties as a chelator. Its ability to form soluble complexes with calcium offers major promise in the successful treatment of pancreatic stones and has also been employed to dissolve kidney stones. Since calcium deposits are of major significance in the much greater problem of hardening of the arteries, citric acid may possibly contribute to a safe and effective reversal of this widespread degenerative disease.”
Even though medical doctors are not currently employing lemon juice in the treatment of the above conditions, this article substantiates the fact that one of the benefits of fresh lemon water is the way the citric acid is able to act upon the body's systems differently than any other food.
Lemon Remedies Published by Jethro Kloss in Back to Eden
  • For sore throat, dilute lemon juice with water and gargle frequently. Dilute one-half lemon juice with one-half water. It is even better to use straight lemon juice.
  • A slice of lemon bound over a corn overnight will greatly relieve the pain.
  • A slice of lemon bound over a felon [pus formation on a finger joint] will not fail to bring the pus to the surface where it can be easily removed.
  • To relieve asthma, take a tablespoon of lemon juice one hour before each meal.
  • For liver complaints, the juice of the lemon should be taken in a glass of hot water one hour before breakfast every morning.
  • To break up la grippe [flu or influenza], drink a large glass of hot water with the juice of a lemon added, while at the same time have the feet in a deep bucket or other vessel of water with mustard added to it. The water should be deep enough to where it comes nearly up to the knees. Keep adding hot water to the patient's tolerance and until the patient begins to perspire freely (about 20-30 minutes). Be sure there is no draft on the person while this is done. The patient should be near a bed so he can get in it easily and avoid any danger of getting chilled. If convenient, a full hot bathtub would be good in place of the foot-bath. The lemon water should be taken every hour until the patient feels that all the symptoms of the cold are gone.
  • A teaspoon of lemon juice in half a glass of water relieves heartburn.
  • For rheumatism, one or two ounces of lemon juice diluted in water should be taken three times a day: one hour before meals and at bedtime.
  • In cases of hemorrhage, lemon juice diluted in water and taken as cold as possible will stop it.
  • Scurvy is treated by giving one to two ounces of lemon juice diluted with water every two to four hours.
  • In excessive menstruation the juice of three to four lemons a day will help check it. Best to take the juice of one lemon at a time in a glass of cold water.
Mr. Kloss explains how lemon juice can even help someone with stomach ulcers:
“How can one with an inflamed or ulcerated stomach partake in the juice? Would not a strong acid like that of the lemon act as an irritant? That would depend on how it was taken. If in quantity, yes. But to take it very weak at first [diluted sufficiently in water], it will cease to burn. The sufferer afflicted with ulcerated stomach has to use great perseverance to affect a cure, and it can be cured if care and patience is used. The gastric juice in the stomach is four times as strong as lemon juice.”
In these cases, I recommend one to two tablespoons of Aloe Vera Gel before the lemon water. Taking 500 mg. of Bromelin has also proven to be helpful.
Buying a sweet lemon
Some lemons are more sweet than others. A rule of thumb for selecting a lemon that is both sweet and high in mineral content, is to pick one that has a high specific gravity measurement and is heavy for its size. By comparing equal-sized fruit, the one with the greatest weight will have the most mineral content and sugar. A thick skinned lemon will not be as heavy as a thin skinned lemon and will not have the desired sweetness or mineral content.
The method I use to ensure the purchase of sweet lemons is to look at the stem end of the lemon. There are two ends on the lemon. One end has a point where the blossom started to grow; the other end has a stem or a dimple where the stem used to be located. On the stem end of a highly mineralized, sweet lemon, you will see little lines radiating out of the stem like sunbeams. These little lines can look like a star shaped structure and is called a calyx. The calyx may have three, four, five or more points to the star. The greater the number of points on the calyx, the higher the mineral content of the lemon.
How much lemon to use
If you are in good health and weigh less than 150 pounds, squeeze the juice of one half a lemon (one ounce) into a glass of purified water and drink this mixture twice a day (one whole lemon a day.) If you weigh over 150 pounds, squeeze the juice out of an entire lemon (two ounces) into a glass of purified water and drink this mixture twice a day (two whole lemons a day.) The lemon juice can be diluted more according to taste.
To help your body get the energy from the food you are eating, drink lemon water regularly. Next to drinking plain purified water, drinking lemon water daily is the most important thing you can do for your health.http://www.quantumbalancing.com/news/lemon%20water.htm

2013年4月1日 星期一

轉載《超級食物》香蕉鉀含量豐富 可抑制血壓上升



2013/04/01
香蕉,俗稱甘蕉、弓蕉、芽蕉,為芭蕉科芭蕉屬多年生草本植物蕉樹的果實,有

青果之王、果中皇后美稱。




※成分與功效

香蕉含有維生素A、B1、B2、B6、C、菸鹼酸、葉酸,及礦物質鈣、磷、鐵、鎂、鉀、錳等,其中,鉀含量豐富,可抑制血壓上升,適合高血壓、心臟病人食用;鎂的成分也很高,能消除疲勞,更是食物中錳的最佳來源之一。另外香蕉富含果膠質,可以促進腸道蠕動,能幫助排便。

香蕉鉀含量很高,鉀離子可強化肌力及肌耐力,其糖分又可迅速轉化為葡萄糖,被人體吸收,是一種快速的能量來源,因此香蕉特別受到運動員的喜愛。此外,香蕉果肉含有多種有機、無機營養成分及維他命等,且低膽固醇,1根香蕉卡路里約100公克,是一種非常符合現代健康飲食觀念的天然食品。

根據農委會資料,香蕉比蘋果還營養。兩者相較之下,香蕉的蛋白質多4倍,碳水化合物多2倍,磷質多3倍,維他命A及鐵質多5倍,其他維他命及礦物質多2倍,而且鉀的含量更是所有水果中含量最高,高達472毫克,其豐富的果膠及膳食纖維,可以幫助維持消化道機能;而且香蕉容易剝皮,果肉柔軟易咀嚼,味道香甜好吃,營養豐富又好消化,是老人、小孩都適宜的大眾化水果。

※專家意見

臺大醫院北護分院營養師石慧玲表示,由於香蕉的糖分較高,糖尿病患者應適量攝取。

※怎麼選?怎麼吃?

選購時要挑選果皮顏色鮮黃、無擦傷、壓傷為佳。

因香蕉屬於熱性水果,理想貯藏溫度是11℃~13℃,而一般家用冰箱皆低於它所需要的溫度,會造成蕉皮發生化學反應而發黑、發爛。

香蕉蜜桃鮮奶材料:香蕉1/2根、水蜜桃1/2顆、葡萄6粒、鮮奶1/2杯、蜂蜜少許。

作法:將上述材料放入果汁機攪拌,即完成一杯具有特殊香甜氣味的香蕉蜜桃鮮奶,也可加入冰淇淋製成奶昔,滋味更豐富。

(記者鍾佩芳)

轉載自http://61.222.185.194/?FID=23&CID=185570http://61.222.185.194/?FID=23&CID=185570

檸檬 有助清除自由基、抑制黑色素




轉載2013/03/29
【台灣新生報/記者鍾佩芳/台北報導】檸檬具有獨特強烈的香氣,維生素C含量甚高。
根據農委會資料,台灣常見的是綠皮檸檬,外國人卻習慣吃黃皮檸檬,其實兩者的差別只在採收時間。綠皮檸檬採收時才七、八分熟,香氣濃、酸味足,適合榨汁或加入飲品中調味。黃皮檸檬已接近全熟,香氣淡也比較甜,適合直接吃。而市面常見的無籽檸檬,真正的名稱是萊姆,雖然外形、味道很接近檸檬,卻是不同品種的水果。至於香水檸檬,正確的名字是枸櫞,也不是檸檬。
成分與功效
檸檬含有維生素B、C、鈣、磷、鉀、鐵、菸鹼酸、檸檬酸等及膳食纖維。
檸檬是優良的鹼性食物,其中充足的維生素C,有助體內清除自由基,抑制黑色素細胞活性,促進膠原蛋白生成,讓肌膚白皙亮麗,豐富的檸檬酸則能改善食慾、恢復體力,是夏天消暑、防曬的好食材。
檸檬可說是從裡到外,都很有價值的水果。果皮內的多酚、黃酮類、揮發性油質,能抗氧化、生津止渴、提神醒腦,果肉中則含有多種維生素、礦物質。新鮮檸檬汁可幫助分解葡萄糖和碳酸,促進消化機能,早上起床喝杯檸檬水,可以刺激腸胃蠕動,緩解便祕。而根據日本廣島大學的研究,多吃檸檬,有助降血壓,預防動脈硬化,還能降低肥胖者體內瘦素的血中濃度,減少罹患代謝症候群的風險。
專家意見
由於維生素C不耐高溫烹調,最好的方法就是榨成汁,臺大醫院北護分院營養師石慧玲表示,不建議原汁或是大量飲用,因為酸會對胃黏膜造成刺激,建議宜稀釋後再飲用。
表皮有光澤,橢圓形、頭尾不要太尖、皮薄多汁、香氣重者佳。適熟的果皮綠中帶有黃暈,經貯藏數日,才會顯出特有的風味,太早採收的果皮綠,香氣不濃。
蘋果檸檬多多(2人份)
材料:檸檬1顆、蘋果1個、活菌發酵乳1瓶(200~300ml),也可再搭配香蕉1根,喝起來更添滑順、飽足。
作法:1、檸檬榨汁,並刮下一些綠色表皮備用。2、其他水果切小塊,加入檸檬汁、發酵乳打勻,灑上檸檬皮即成。
【更多精采內容,詳見新生報之《養生文化報》】


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http://mag.udn.com/mag/life/storypage.jsp?f_ART_ID=447970

2012年6月21日 星期四

中國的人才戰爭正在升溫

5月底,就在有跡象表明中國經濟增長可能減速的時候,中國發佈了一系列勞動力統計資料。雖然進出口增速可能會下降,但工資則在不斷增長。各個公司依然在擴張自己的員工隊伍。儘管中國的經濟增長速度可能降溫,但這個國家依然是全球吸引和留住員工最具競爭力的市場。“人才戰爭正在加劇。”翰德中國(China for Hudson)大中華區董事總經理關偉鵬(Mark Carriban)談到,“在大部分行業,可能都存在著高端人才供不應求的情形。”翰德公司是一家專注于人力資源業務的諮詢顧問機構,總部位於美國紐約。 在中國運營的公司,無論是跨國公司,還是地方企業和國有企業,都在面向相對較小的合格人才庫展開競爭。儘管中國每年都輸送出數量不斷增長的大量大學畢業生,但是,公司依然很難得到擁有管理技能或其他技能的員工,為此,公司正在竭盡全力吸引和留住這個國家的頂尖人才。 在這場全球性金融危機期間,雖然其他市場都在苦苦掙扎,但中國的經濟發展依然保持強勁。為此,很多企業都以增加在這個國家的業務、構建零售業務、製造更多的汽車以及針對中國市場量身定制研發中心等舉措做出回應。翰德公司最近進行的一項調查顯示,在中國大陸,有60%的受訪者談到,他們準備在下個季度擴展員工隊伍。“這一比例比香港和新加坡高50%。”關偉鵬談到。 此外,最近幾年來,工資也在不斷增長,雖然工資的基準相對較低,但漲幅之大確實令人驚異。2011年,工資增長了18%,2010年的職工工資同樣比前一年激增了14.1%。製造業部門的工資增長幅度則更為可觀,2011年的增長幅度超過了20%。關偉鵬認為,對人才的競爭,導致了一個懷有很高預期的人才群體的形成:他們尋求快速晉升的機會,為了加快這一進程,他們願意從一個公司跳到另一個公司,在這一過程,他們會獲得承擔責任、提高工資的機會。 “良好的人際網路和遠大抱負” 與歐洲和美國等其他市場相比,中國頂尖人才的人口統計學特徵是較為年輕。因為文化大革命導致的教育和工作經驗斷層,這個國家今天最炙手可熱的很多人才都是1980年以後出生的,他們就是眾所周知“Y世代”(Generation Y)。“這代人是中國迄今受到最良好教育、擁有最良好的人際網路而且最有遠大抱負的一代人。”關偉鵬談到。 最近30年來,雖然中國的教育體系已得到大規模的擴張,2011年的大學畢業生數量也達到了660萬人,但很多公司期望的並不只是一個學位。“我從獵頭公司和當地商學院都聽到過這個故事,”沃頓商學院管理學教授馬歇爾·邁爾(Marshall Meyer)談到,“從根本上來說,當地畢業生都沒有做好做出高級管理決策的準備……事實上,他們確實沒有爭取主動的經驗。” 全球性管理諮詢顧問機構合益集團(Hay Group)中國區產品化服務負責人盛蕻希(音)(Henry Sheng)談到,很多企業希望得到能快速進入角色並立刻產生影響的員工。但是,最近的畢業生往往都需要培訓。“原因可能在於中國的教育體系——你的學位常常與你將來的工作沒有多少關係。”盛談到。雖然某些公司願意在新員工培訓上投資,但是,年輕一代人從一個工作跳到另一份工作的傾向,往往造成企業的這項投資付諸東流。 這些動態造成的一個結果就是,某些最讓人稱心如意的招聘是聘任海外歸來的人,中國將其稱之為“海歸”。因為這些人擁有西方教育、工作經驗而且瞭解中國的綜合背景,所以,他們對跨國公司和當地公司都極具吸引力。“很多跨國公司都在努力降低成本,並聘用當地人才。”邁爾談到。雖然海歸可能不像應屆畢業生那麼便宜,不過他們可能以低於西方應聘者的薪酬水準簽約,因為西方應聘者希望企業為他們提供“重新安置費”,以及可能包括住房津貼、子女教育費和每年探親的機票費用在內的“外籍員工津貼包”(expat package)。 新競爭對手以及變化的需求 雖然合意員工群體的數量一直較少,但想聘任這類員工的公司數量則在不斷增加。不但跨國公司要繼續擴張自己在這個國家的員工隊伍,中國的國有企業也漸漸成了人們心儀的工作場所。 關偉鵬談到,“情況在最近5年中已經發生了改變。”在這場金融危機爆發之前,如果翰德公司向一位高價值員工(high-value employee)提供一個在跨國公司和國有企業兩個職位中選擇一個的機會,跨國公司幾乎總是最優先的選擇。“他們認為,國有企業的工作不夠引人入勝。”他談到。 而今天,已有越來越多的人開始探求國有企業的工作機會。關偉鵬補充談到,國有企業已變得更加老到,隨著它們人力資源服務能力的提升,管理層已能更好地為員工的職業發展提供規劃了。“商學院畢業生已變得非常謹慎。”邁爾談到。“很多畢業生喜歡留在傳統而且安全的系統內。”而國有企業則被視為安全的選擇。 此外,隨著中國很多首席執行官和高層管理人員接近退休年齡,中國的企業已開始對制訂接班人計畫和培養斬露頭角的人才給予更密切的關注。“在中國的公司中,對公司的忠誠就像人們對家庭的忠誠一樣——我們都是一個戰壕的戰友。”邁爾談到。“我不知道你還能用什麼比喻來替代這種比喻。”邁爾還談到了發生在一家中國企業管理層的故事,這家企業對員工忠誠的問題極為清醒,所以,為接班人制訂了一個10年期的職業發展路徑,並為高層經理提供了只有在他們退休時才生效的10年期期權計畫。“這是構建一支忠誠管理團隊的激勵手段。”邁爾談到。 隨著對中國頂尖人才的需求不斷升溫,這個國家的大部分最令人滿意的員工都對雇主懷有很高的預期。合益集團進行的一項調查顯示,在中國大陸,員工優先考慮的條件隨年齡而異。最年輕的30歲以下的員工群體最看重的是學習機會,富有競爭力的薪酬和公司環境分列第二位和第三位。年齡介於30歲到39歲的員工,優先考慮的條件是工資,公司品牌和學習機會分列其後。而40歲到49歲的員工群體,則將富有挑戰性的工作環境列為最優先考慮的條件,富有競爭力的薪酬水準位列其後。 合益集團在調查中還發現,最近從一家企業轉到另一家企業的員工在羅列離職的主要理由時,將公司領導層的重要性列在渴望的薪酬水準和缺乏成長機會之下。關偉鵬談到,翰德公司在中國大陸對高素質員工訪談時發現,在選擇雇主時,他們常常談到,自己最關切的是薪酬和獎金。 然而,企業對人才的競爭還不止於此。“公司應該擁有適當的戰略管理流程,而不只是依靠薪酬。”盛蕻希談到。“最重要的是,要向員工證明,他們在公司內擁有職業發展的機會,尤其是對年輕的員工。”他還補充談到,如果員工覺得自己沒有足夠的學習機會,或者不能很快取得進步,他們就會離去。 關偉鵬認為,公司經理應該在面試過程剛開始的時候就制訂戰略。翰德公司進行的另一項調查顯示,60%的受訪者稱,他們最近一次就職的公司沒有滿足自己的預期。“黃金法則是,要確保你招聘到恰當的人才。”關偉鵬談到。“在這個市場中,公司承受著極大的壓力,因此,人們往往會做出第二選擇。” 關偉鵬建議說,要想找到適合自己需求的最佳人選,負責招聘的經理人應該對應聘者進行更嚴格的面試。應該測試應聘者的系列特殊能力,而不是坐下來泛泛而談。此外,對員工的面試還應該根據每家企業的文化進行相應的調整。“所有的組織都有完全不同的文化,一位員工的心態和動機可能與他們即將進入的環境並不協調。” 關偉鵬談到。“如果一個組織在這一點上弄錯了,士氣的損失,以及對生產率的阻礙所造成的損失,就會讓該組織付出高昂的代價。” 某位員工被聘任後,對頂尖員工的競爭並沒有到此結束。“這一代人往往被人指責為缺乏忠誠。”關偉鵬談到。“但是,如果你在24歲或25歲的時候進入了一個組織,之後你從其他組織得到了非常好的聘用協議,那麼,這可能就是你在薪酬水準和承擔的職責上戲劇性躍升的最佳機會。”此外,“Y世代”還面臨著從家庭到迅速取得成功的諸多壓力。因為這個國家的獨生子女政策,“他們往往面臨著這樣的處境:父母、祖父母和外祖父母都在專注著自己的成功。” 關偉鵬談到。 為了留住更多的頂尖人才,越來越多的公司都在實施“輔導計畫”(mentorship programs),並開展了所有員工都參與其中的企業社會責任活動。這類計畫有助於提高員工的忠誠度。有專家指出,為員工制訂結構清晰的發展計畫,會他們覺得自己可以在組織內晉升,而不是呆在原職位不動。 工資以外 雖然中國的員工依然將工資視為最關切的條件,不過越來越多的員工已開始尋求其他福利待遇。衛生保健、教育以及工作和生活的平衡都是員工在某個組織是否快樂的重要因素。人力資源顧問機構Catalyst集團最近進行的一項調查顯示,80%的中國受訪者稱,保持工作和生活的良好平衡對他們來說很重要。49%的女性和43%的男性員工稱,取得這樣的平衡很困難。 “我們發現,在中國,人們總體上對組織提供的工作彈性並不怎麼滿意。”Catalyst集團研究高級主管、該調查報告的作者蘿拉·薩巴蒂尼(Laura Sabattini)談到。該報告對中國、印度和新加坡的員工情況進行了調查。改善工作和生活平衡的流行計畫包括允許員工實行彈性工作時間或者遠端工作。然而,因為中國的法律問題,其中的有些策略很難貫徹實施。舉例來說,兼職工作就很難安排。在中國,一個工作你一旦做過兩次,從法律上來說,這個工作就不能視為臨時工作了。 “在家裡工作是個不斷發展的趨勢,至少在上海這樣。” Catalyst集團戰略和市場行銷高級副總裁黛比·蘇恩(Debbie Soon)談到。尤其是在跨國公司,為了配合全球團隊的工作,公司常常要求員工在休息時間參加電話會議,蘇恩談到,人們對彈性工作的必要性有了越來越清楚的認識。 然而,讓工作場所更靈活並不只是為員工提供在家工作這一選擇那麼簡單。公司必須向員工清楚表明,實行彈性工作時間和遠端工作是可以接受的——甚至鼓勵他們這麼做——而且不會因此受到處罰。蘇恩談到,跨國公司在為員工提供同樣有望晉升的彈性工作時間表時,還面臨著其他挑戰。“如果你在一家跨國公司工作,而權力基礎在其他地方,”她談到,“那麼,如果你想在某些時候得到晉升,就意味著你必須遷居。”在中國,這就意味著大部分員工會喪失人際支援網路,這個網路常常包括員工的父母和祖父母等人。 蘇恩和薩巴蒂尼都認為,公司的策略需要將輔導計畫、團隊建設活動以及職業發展機會等計畫整合起來。沒有任何跡象表明,中國的人才競爭會很快降溫,想招聘人才的公司在發現和留住自己需要的人才方面還將面臨挑戰。雖然尚沒有化解這一挑戰的解決方案,但公司可以通過考量自己的企業文化,並與員工的最新期望保持同步而受益。“沒有哪個公司能提出普遍適用的計畫。”關偉鵬談到。“在這方面沒有‘魔術子彈’。” 轉載自:諾頓學院